To What Extent was Guatemalas Civil War Caused by US Policy

To What Extent was Guatemalas Civil War Caused by US Policy Spanning decades from the late 1950s to the 1990s, the Civil War in Guatemala represented one of the longest conflicts in Latin America. During this time; over tens of thousands of refugees fled the country; over a million were made homeless as over four hundred indigenous villages were destroyed; and ultimately over two hundred thousand people were killed or have disappeared.[1] The root of this conflict lay in the ridiculously imbalanced distribution of wealth that had existed within Guatemala for centuries. This misdistribution was born out the combination of a revolutionary international atmosphere, alongside years of economic hardship caused by the governing elites. To what extent each of these factors caused the Civil War will be assessed throughout this essay. Predeceasing the Civil War, the Elites possessed the vast majority of the land in Guatemala. As a result, they exercised a significant amount of power and control over the society. To further the abuses in wealth distrib ution, the U.S. owned substantial amounts of land in Guatemala, and viewed the country as pure potential profit[2]. What is so fascinating in my opinion; are the diverse opinions regarding the roots of the issues. Two major narratives emerged as a result from the conflict. The first master narrative tells the tale of the indigenous Mayan population being brutally oppressed over centuries by European and American powers. The continuums of colonial tradition lead to mass abuses of human rights which lead the oppressed population to look towards supporting insurgent groups. This narrative brings to light the voices of the people and state and can be viewed through the vast literature which creates its own Testimonio genre. The second and opposite narrative regards the more recent role that the United States has played in Guatemala. In particular, with regards to the involvement that the CIA had in supporting the Guatemalan government in order to eradicate the leftist forces within the country. Ultimately, the argument stands that the United States was a significant factor in causing the Guatemalan Civil war.   It stands as one of the reasons why Guatemala had such a poor economic infrastructure. Moreover, this infrastructure provided the dissent that led to the creation of insurgent groups which so threatened U.S. political ideology. This threat enabled the U.S. to intervene and turn a civil war into an international conflict. In the context of Latin America, the testimonio was a crucially important form of literature that represented the first master narrative mentioned.   John Beverley in the book The Real Thing: Testimonial Discourse and Latin America describes testimonio as: a noveltold in the first person by a narrative who is also a real protagonist or witness of the event he or she recounts[3]. Testimonios are accounts in which the author uses their experience as an agent of collective memory or identity. Through these first-hand accounts, readers can ascertain a certain truth derived from a situation of oppression that can challenge and even correct so called official history. Beatriz Manz is an example of a testimonio author. Alongside Manz, other famous works of Testimonio surrounding Guatemala exist; the most notable being Me llamo Rigoberta Menchà º y asà ­ me nacià ³ la conciencia. Menchà ºs story narrates the tortures faced by a poor Quichà © peasant family, who had to migrate every ye ar to large coffee plantations in order to survive. The story tells how her family were mistreated; she herself did not attend school, and her brothers died of malnutrition. The main argument Menchà º has is that the economic hardships within the country lead to her gross mistreatment. Following the accusation that her family was involved in the guerrilla movement, one of her brothers was arrested, tortured and killed in 1979; her father was killed by security forces and her mother died after being tortured and raped. Menchà º tells a heart wrenching story that brought the Guatemalan struggle to the forefront of international interests, however it is not without its flaws. One of the central issues with regards to testimonio is the authenticity and veracity of the voice. Sklodowska cautions it would be naive to assume a direct homology between text and history. The discourse of a witness cannot be a reflection of his or her experience, but rather a refraction determined by the vic issitudes of memory, intention, ideology.[4] This is something that American anthropologist David Stoll assesses in his book, Menchà º and the Story of All Poor Guatemalans. Stoll makes the bold statement that the events described in Menchà ºs testament are exaggerated in an effort to amass support for the guerrilla movement. Testimonios represent the fine balance between fiction and history; emotion and fact. In the eyes of Menchà º, the U.S. played a crucial role in promulgating the civil war. Stolls criticisms could be undermined by the fact that his stance is from a Western point of view, which disregards the nature in which history has been testimonial in Mayan culture for centuries .[5] In this sense, Menchà º wasnt attempting to tell a completely accurate story of her family, if not relay the struggles of her people. Her story has since contributed to the greater good by bringing to light the vast abuses of human rights that the Guatemalans faced for decades.[6] This economic hardship that Menchà º describes can be traced back centuries to initial American involvement. Chairman Henry Kissinger oversaw the creation of The Report of the Presidents National Bipartisan Commission on Central America in a hope to establish a consensus for Central American administration.   Described as well-informed laymen who took a six-month odyssey into the terra incognita[7] of Central America; the commission members intricately analyzed the political, economic and social problems of Guatemala. The conclusion was reached that inevitable U.S. intervention was favorable. However, like a Gordian knot, the report never successfully resolved the tension between U.S. security interests in the area and the admitted need for radical change in many Central American societies. I take issue with regards to the vernacular used throughout the report, as the U.S. seems to absolve itself of any responsibility for causing the very problems that the report encompasses, and implies it has moral responsibility to fix these issues. For instance, the report accounts the negative long-lasting Spanish colonial legacy in Central America, yet only briefly describes the significant influence of the United States in the centuries predeceasing the Guatemalan crisis. The semi-feudal system established by Spain over three centuries ago set a precedent for an inability of indigenous peoples to self-govern and integrate into the colonial political system. Whilst this is a valid point for assessing the development of the turmoil within Guatemala, the U.S certainly did not take as much of a back seat as the report would have us believe implementing a passive Good Neighbor Policy which sought to see all neighboring countries stable, orderly and prosperous[8].   Focusing on two instances in the early 20th Century; Colombia and Nicaragua for instance, it becomes evident that America did not take as passive an approach to Latin America as the report would have us believ e.   Active American involvement in Central America can span back to The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 in which America planned to protect Latin American states from European expansionism. Substantiated by the Roosevelt Corollary in 1904, the doctrine created a precedent for the justification of intervention on account of political ideology.[9] The commission report serves as an example of this policy being enacted as it claims that U.S. intervention during the early 20th Century was focused on promoting the stability and solvency of local governments so as to keep other nations out.[10] Intervention in Guatemala, for instance can be seen as pre-emptive interventionalism hoping to fix the wrongdoings in Latin America. In Roosevelts State of Union Address, the use of international police power was therefore excused as a justification for involvement in Latin America.[11] Moreover, Guatemala was of upmost economic importance to the U.S., which historically had wanted to create an economic hegemony in Latin America in order to diminish European Imperial expansion.[12]   This pseudo American Imperialism makes it evident that U.S. expansionism was deeply rooted in a sense of Manifest Destiny.   The Banana Wars that shaped U.S. Foreign Policy towards Latin America and American military involvement across the continent as a whole, stand as symbols of this economic relationship that the U.S hoped to establish. Joseph Freeman and Scott Nearing place American financial imperialism within a Marxist context. The Colombian uprisings against U.S. canal rights in the Panama Canal resulted in American military involvement[13]. This perfectly exemplifies the argument in which military force was used to broker economic expansion. The Panama Canal sets a sinister precedent which would then see future U.S. military involvement in Guatemala decades later. The report was written with a post-Vietnam/post Iraq cynicism, which could result in why rhetoric of a civilising mission was used to justify aggressive exploitative expansionism. The rebellions in Nicaragua stood as inspiration for Guatemalans during the 60s and 70s as they hoped they could utilize similar tactics in order to regain control of their country. Insurgent groups formed in Guatemala as a result, as described by Manz; The growth of social movements in Guatemala took place in the turbulent context of Central America in the late 1970s and early 1980sâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ Social upheavals and indiscriminate repression both were escalating throughout the region.[14] These mounting social problems combined with shrinking political options proved to be a volatile combination that finally erupted into armed confrontation.[15] From the standpoint of the Guatemalans; the Sandinista guerilla movement had proven successful in the catalysis of the Nicaraguan Revolution in 1979. Manz describes the revolutionary atmosphere that surrounded Guatemala, and notes that the Guatemalan insurgents and many supporters thought that if victory had already taken place in Nicaragua and seemed possible in El Salvador, why not in Guatemala?[16] As mentioned, the peak of the Guatemalan civil war occurred at a very similar time to the peak of the Cold War. This meant that the U.S. turned its focus on to its southern neighbors as they turned to communism. The consequences of this meant that ordinary local conflict would soon have an international audience as Guatemala would become another battle ground in the Cold War. Arguably motivated out of fear; the U.S. provided immense military and economic aid to Guatemala; much of the fighting took place at the height of the Cold War and the combatants were well aware of U.S. support for the Guatemalan military.[17] As stated by Kissinger, the U.S. was concerned of the intrusion into Central America by aggressive external powers[18]. The fear that Cuban or Soviet backing would support the insurgent groups, led to the U.S. providing tacit support to the Guatemalan Government. This U.S. support gave the Guatemalan government both a military and political upper hand, whilst intrinsically tying the corrupt ruling elite to external American influence. This cascade of events that followed U.S. intervention in to Guatemala placed the country firmly within a Cold War context; where ideology played a substantial role in rallying support by even the indigenous peoples; who believed they too, were fighting for justice. However, was this intervention completely necessary, and did it exacerbate and prolong the civil war? The report briefly touches on this notion, which a disagreement with regards to the conditionality of U.S. intervention. Should there be a link between U.S. support and improvements in Latin Americas execrable human rights record. Such a notion implies awareness for the deterioration of the human rights that America was c ausing, however, they feared a Marxist-Leninist victory in El Salvador, and therefore this notion was consequently ignored. The report believes that in order to fight an expanding army of communist guerrillas, U.S. must continue to provide support to the armed forces. A peace agreement is long overdue in Guatemala. Following almost three decades of armed conflict and brutal injustice; Guatemala is owed a transformed society with democratic leadership, increased rights for the abused Mayan people, end to the U.S. military backing, constitutional reform, and an improvement of the socio-economic and socio-political issues. Whilst in my opinion, the main forces behind the war in Guatemala were the economic oppression and daily violence which led to the creation of the insurgent groups that so threatened the American political status quo. The economic oppression was inflicted primarily by the governing elite, however, as a sole factor this could not have led to a war of such gross magnitude. America played a significant role. The years of colonial oppression implemented by America into their southern neighbours had an underrated lasting economic consequence. By default, the U.S. had a much larger responsibility in causing the Guatemalan Civil war than is initially apparent. Such destructive and protracted conflict could not have amassed had it not been for the influence of the international community. Guatemala today has still not recovered. The lives of millions have been shattered, and America should be owed a much larger blame than any other country. Bibliography Berryman, P. The Religious Roots of Rebellion, (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1984) Beverley, J., The Real Thing (Our Rigoberta), (Modern Language Quarterly 57:2:1986) CIA The World Factbook, 20 Nov. 2008, Central Intelligence Agency, 1 Dec. 2008 Grandin, G. The Last Colonial Massacre(The University of Chicago Press, 2004) Kissinger, H. The Report of the Presidents National Bipartisan Commission on Central America, (Macmillan, 1984) LeoGrande, W.M, Our own Backyard, The United State in Central America 1977-1992(The University of orth Carolina Press, 1998) Levenson-Estrada, D. Trade Unionists Against Terror (The University of North Carolina Press, 1994) Manz, B. and N. Aryeh, Paradise in Ashes A Guatemalan Journey of Courage, Terror, and Hope, (New York: University of California P, 2004) McClintock, M. Roosevelt, T. Theodore Roosevelts Annual Address to Congress (December 6th 1904) accessed via http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=truedoc=56page=transcript Smith, R. The United States and the Latin American Sphere of Influence, (Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1981) [1]CIA The World Factbook Guatemala, CIA The World Factbook, 20 Nov. 2008, Central Intelligence Agency, 1 Dec. 2008 [2] B. Manz; A. Neier, Paradise in Ashes A Guatemalan Journey of Courage, Terror, and Hope, (New York: University of California P, 2004), 16-17. [3], G. M. Gugelberger, T he Real Thing: Testimonial Discourse and Latin America, (Duke University Press, 1996), p.34 [4], G. M. Gugelberger, T he Real Thing: Testimonial Discourse and Latin America, (Duke University Press, 1996), p.34 [5]J. Beverley, The Real Thing (Our Rigoberta), (Modern Language Quarterly 57:2:1986), p.129-235 [7] H. A. Kissinger, The Report of the Presidents National Bipartisan Commission on Central America, (Macmillan, 1984), p.1 [8] H. A Kissinger, The Report of the Presidents National Bipartisan Commission on Central America, (Macmillan, 1984), p.34 [9] J. Monroe, The Monroe Doctrine, December U.S. Department of State. Retrieved November 2, 2011. [10] H. A Kissinger, The Report of the Presidents National Bipartisan Commission on Central America, (Macmillan, 1984), p.34 [11] T. Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelts Annual Address to Congress (December 6th 1904) accessed via http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=truedoc=56page=transcript [12] R. F. Smith,The United States and the Latin American Sphere of Influence, (Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1981), p. 10 [13] R. F. Smith,The United States and the Latin American Sphere of Influence, (Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1981), p. 10 [14]B. Manz; A. Neier, Paradise in Ashes A Guatemalan Journey of Courage, Terror, and Hope, (New York: University of California P, 2004) p. 96 [15] B. Manz; A. Neier, Paradise in Ashes A Guatemalan Journey of Courage, Terror, and Hope, (New York: University of California P, 2004) p. 46 [16] B. Manz,; A. Neier, , Paradise in Ashes A Guatemalan Journey of Courage, Terror, and Hope, (New York: University of California P, 2004) p. 96 [17] B. Manz; A. Neier, , Paradise in Ashes A Guatemalan Journey of Courage, Terror, and Hope, (New York: University of California P, 2004) p. 224 [18] H. A. Kissinger, The Report of the Presidents National Bipartisan Commission on Central America, (Macmillan, 1984), p.36

Locate Examples for 8 of the 15 Logical Fallacies Discussed in This Lesson in Your “Dialogues: an Argument Rhetoric and Reader, ” 4th Ed., by Goshgarian, Krueger, and Minc

Composition 2 GE 127 Week 2 minor assignment December 28, 2011 Locate examples for 8 of the 15 logical fallacies discussed in this lesson in your â€Å"Dialogues: An Argument Rhetoric and Reader,† 4th Ed. , by Goshgarian, Krueger, and Minc 1. Ad hominem; An Ad hominem argument is a Latin phrase that attacks the man instead of the argument. Example: You are so stupid your argument couldn't possibly be true. Logical Fallacies or Fallacies in Argumentation retrieved on Jan. 1, 2011 from http://carm. org/logical-fallacies-or-fallacies-argumentation 2. Begging the question is assuming some to be true that you cannot prove – similar to circular reasoning. Example: I think he is unattractive because he is ugly. Beg the question retrieved on Dec. 28, 2011 from http://begthequestion. info/ 3. slippery slope: Presumes a change in procedure, law, or action, will result in adverse consequences. Example: If we allow doctor assisted suicide, then eventually the government will control how we die. List of common fallacies 1997 retrieved on December 28, 2011 from http://nobeliefs. om/fallacies. htm 4. Circular Reasoning Also known as the fallacy of redundancy, begging the question, or tautology, this is when the conclusion or claim is merely a restatement of one of the premises. Christian apologetics is filled with tautologies: Example: Is there a God? Yes. How do you know? Because the Bible says so. How do you know the Bible is correct? Because it was inspired by God. In other words, God is because God is.. How Thinking Goes Wrong ret rieved on Dec. 28, 2011 from http://www. ositiveatheism. org/writ/sherm3. htm 5. Post hoc, ergo propter hoc. Post hoc, ergo propter hoc, or after this, therefore because of this. This fallacy assumes that because one event occurs just prior to another, the first event caused the second. Example: In one recent case, an operations group asked for help solving a problem with the disruption of the flow of one ingredient in a process. The group felt the problem was caused by a rise in the viscosity of another ingredient. Although logic indicated the iscosity of one material had no impact on the flow of the other, the sequence of events led the group to the fallacious conclusion that it did. The key to avoiding this fallacy is the old adage, â€Å"Don't jump to conclusions. † LexisNexis Academics retrieved on Dec. 28, 2011 from http://www. lexisnexis. com. proxy. itt-tech. edu/hottopics/lnacademic/? verb=sr;csi=8406;sr=lni%283VB5-28H0-00H1-023M%29 6. Red Herring Red Herring is when you attempt to confuse the audience by introducing a topic that has nothing to do with the situation at hand. Example, I know your car isn't working right. But, if you had gone to the store one day earlier, you'd not be having this problem. Logical Fallacies or Fallacies in Argumentation retrieved on Jan. 1, 2011 from http://carm. org/logical-fallacies-or-fallacies-argumentation 7. Ad Populum Argument: An argument aimed at appealing to the majority. Example: â€Å"Man could alleviate his misery by marriage. This close companionship enhances the joys of one and mitigated the sorrow of the other, and anyone knew God always provided for married people. Lee Emily Pearson, Elizabethans at Home, (Stanford Univ. Pr. ), 289. Philosophy. Lander. edu retrieved on Jan. 1, 2012 from http://philosophy. lander. edu/logic/popular. html 8. The Bandwagon Appeal. This is committed when someone user irrelevant arguments based on popularity to make a point and is widely used in advertisements, Example: Everyone is selfish; everyone is doing what he believes will make himself happier Harry Browne, â€Å"The Un selfishness Trap† retrieved on Jan. 1, 2012 from How I Found Freedom in an Unfree World (1973).

Jane Eyre Chapter 2

The Chapter 2 Grade saver Jane Eyre is someone who desires to be set free. She is something like a rock who wants to feel the pleasure of being set free able to do what she likes but no all dreams come to and end because of her wicked cruel aunt who’s name is Mrs. Reed, Mrs. reed has 3 children named Georgiana, john and †¦.. She is hated by her fellow maids, Bessie, abbot and others who are not yet named. Analysis: From the very beginning of the book, Bronte uses careful novelistic craftsmanship to position the reader on Jane's side.Not only does the narration occur in Jane’s voice, a fact which automatically makes her a more sympathetic character, but Bronte incorporates all of the tragic facts of Jane’s childhood in the first few pages. From the start, Jane is oppressed; she is sent off while her cousins play. We learn through exposition from John that she is a penniless orphan, dependent on the heartless Reed family but never on an equal level with her re latives; indeed, social class will play an important role in the rest of the novel.Although we do not have a clear sense of the extent of Mrs. Reed’s resentful feelings toward Jane, Bronte emphasizes Jane’s loneliness and lack of familial affection. Bronte also emphasizes Jane’s sensitive nature and inner strength. She is given to flights of fancy while reading, but she also displays a great deal of courage and sense of justice in her defense against John. This is only the first time that Jane will be imprisoned in the novel, though her later imprisonments will generally be more metaphorical, particularly in relation to class, gender, and religion.In this case, John is the root cause of Jane's imprisonment and his word is taken above hers, a fact that parallels the gender relations of the male dominated Victorian society. Ironically, however, the three aggressors that maintain Jane’s imprisonment in the red-room are females, and Jane’s one savior, it appears, was her uncle. The chapter also introduces some of the Gothic literary tradition that inform much of the narrative structure of the text. The Gothic novel, popularized in the 18th-century, utilizes supernatural, suspenseful, and mysterious settings and events to create an atmosphere of horror and morbidity

Population Growth and Feeding the Poor Essay example

To begin with, I’d like to point out that hunger kills more people every year than AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined. Additionally, the vast majority of hungry people (827 million) live in developing countries, where 14.3 percent of the population is undernourished (Hunger Statistics). On that note, many people like to associate population growth as a cause that will lead to the scarcity of food, which is not entirely true. There are more than enough global food resources, and yet world hunger is extensive. In fact, most hungry people live in countries that have excess in food. Therefore, increasing food production will not solve world hunger. Food is readily available to those who can afford it, which is why solving the poverty†¦show more content†¦Essentially, these companies are creating the problem, and then providing the fix, which calls into question their motives. Moreover, as Anup Shah points out, â€Å"do we actually need genetically engineered food, given that agriculture in small bio diverse farms are actually very productive.† As you can see, it’s not population growth that is the cause of hunger; but economics and politics at all levels, who have contributed to poverty and hunger around the world, making it very hard for people to afford food. Another insightful piece of information that many people are unaware of is that whoever controls the land, controls its use. At first glance this seems like an obvious statement; however; looking deeper at the implications of what is been said, one would understand that this is a significant cause of hunger today. Back in the day, people were able to sustain themselves through the use of land. Over time, the wealthy, and the powerful took ownership and control of land that peasants once relied on to feed their families. They did this to turn the land into a moneymaking production for themselves. As a result, many people went hungry, as they had no land to work off. For millenniums there was always land for common use; however, in todays world, the powerful have simply taken control of the land for their own benefit (Smith, J.W.). In light of the aforementioned, because there’s soShow MoreRelatedEssay On Mealtimes983 Words   |  4 Pagesstrategies and alter flow rate through making equipment changes, they also establish regular mealtimes (Arvedson, 1998). This may be accomplished by allowing concrete intervals of time between feedings. For example, a newborn may be fed every two to three hours. Similarly, the newborn should only engage in feedings a certain number of times per day. For example, a newborn may be fed approximately 10 to 12 times daily. 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Gossip, Deception and Kids Essay Writing Samples

Gossip, Deception and Kids Essay Writing Samples There are a fantastic number of theories concerning extraterrestrial life. Beginning with interesting truth about your subject will grab the eye it needs. If, for example, you're writing an essay on training a dog in 5 steps, do not incorporate the initial 3 steps in one paragraph and your own personal knowledge in the conclusion. It's called short essay in the feeling that the manner a certain topic is presented is congested but still focuses on the purpose of making the audience understand the entire point of the essay. In closing, don't forget that if you're teaching writing, you're teaching an art. In any case, it doesn't matter the degree of education of your essay. Furthermore, your students will also have a chance to observe how sentences are constructed, and what grammar constructions are employed in an essay. Furthermore, you should strengthen your grammar knowledge. What You Must Know About Kids Essay Writing Sample s Essay writing can be rather a challenge. One, we apply an extremely careful range of our writers. Essay writing skills is a tough and time-consuming job. Word Walls Find a good selection of resources. There are not any dates of publication in every one of the references. Tell them, that nobody will go on reading their essays should they do not mean it is eye-catchy and clear for a possible reader. At the site of any essay writing service, you'll locate terrific guidelines and samples of various kinds of papers. As soon as you've chosen your topic, the next thing to do is to brainstorm. When you compose a quick essay, you must try to remember that there are not any elements to be sacrificed. For each and every composition, there's a fundamental structure. The end result is a hurriedly written paper which might prove to be unimpressive. 4 Outline The previous issue to do before starting to compose an essay is to produce its outline. Reach to us when you desire a good example of creative writing. Thus, there are various ways an essay can be written. As you compose the essay, make sure that you've got an introduction that captures the interest of a reader. An essay has to be composed of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. As a writer, you compose an essay for any particular purpose. If you fret about the standard of your essay as well as you're worrying about whether you can discover a paper writer you may trust, you have arrived at the right location. Finally, your paper should have a suitable structure. Generally, students find it quite tricky to compose this portion of their essay, since they do not find out how to begin a bit of writing in order to draw readers' attention and inform them shortly about exactly what this essay is all about. Up in Arms About Kids Essay Writing Samples? Creative Essay writing is currently recognized among the most helpful activity for kids for their general personality development. To develop into an outstanding writer, you have to be creative. If you would like your kid to compose wonderful essays, you should motivate them to compose a good deal. Thus, you're in charge of that component of your child's education. You're able to employ your kid's preference for technology to inspire her or him to write. You may relish your time without having to be concerned about your grade. Don't forget to appreciate your time together and build a more powerful rapport with your children. Short essays are important when one is attempting to present an important topic without needing to compose a great deal of words or using numerous pages. Galleries give people an opportunity to demonstrate their work.

Discourse Analysis A Discourse Analyst - 1802 Words

Discourse analysis is another method that can be used to analyze topics regarding international relations. This theory uses multiple approaches to analyze any written or oral piece of communication to look for semiotics within. Usually the particularly communication being analyzed is of speeches, communiquà ©s, and press releases which are produced by world leaders and politicians. This analysis looks to find the meaning and significance behind the words being used. What is being said directly? What is actually meant? What tone is being used? Which words are being stressed? These are all important questions for a discourse analyst in undertaking a particular piece of communication. A discourse analyst will search for comparisons, themes,†¦show more content†¦Food security effects all nations where anyone has the risk of going hungry, not just because there is food. In May, 2017, Barack Obama gave an impactful speech on the subject of food security and climate change at th e Seed and Chips Global Food Innovation Summit (see Appendix 1). He discussed in great length the reality of how no country or group of people will be salvaged from the effects of climate change, and how the global food source is diminishing a great speed. The objective of his speech was to capitalize on the notion that food is an unavoidable link in the chain of development. It is necessary for social equality, education, health, growing economies and for the globe. There are many linguistic tools worth discussing that played a part in the effectiveness of this speech in mobilizing efforts for food security. In part of discursive theories, analysts want to understand how a certain actor is defining what the threat to security is, and what security really means. In this speech, Obama explains that the principle threat is climate change and implies that without climate change, we would not have the same amount of food insecurity that we do today. The reduction of clean water and the unpredictable changes in temperature has created stress on individual countries, and by domino effect, the world. Climate change is accelerated by the poor conditions we have chosen to meet our food production needs. He uses the example of meat productionShow MoreRelatedAn Investigation Of Verbal Communication1580 Words   |  7 Pagesand clarified. One of these is through explicative contrast from fairly comparable methodologies. The expression ‘Conversation Analysis’ is at this point solidly settled as the name for a specific worldview in the investigation of verbal communication that was started in the 1960s by Harvey Sacks, as a team with Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson. 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Personality analysis of donald trump free essay sample

This purpose of this paper is to demonstrate Donald Trump’s progression to the successful business executive and analyze the different personality factors that played a role in getting him to the position he is presently in. The points in this paper will extrapolate relations from psychodynamic, behavioural, and interpersonal psychological theories to highlight Trump’s aggressive tendencies, his grandiose ambitions, and leadership qualities, and explain why Trump is who he is. Firstly, an in-depth examination of Trump’s autobiographies, documentaries, and articles will be conducted in order to bring insight to his life experiences, and his relationship with his father. Secondly, the paper will analyze Trump’s experiences through the perspective of Adler’s superiority complex, Bandura’s social learning theory, as well as the interpersonal theories of personality to assist in understanding why Trump functions the way he does. Thirdly, the paper will emphasize the benefits of the three aforementioned perspectives and how they are advantageous in dissecting Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Personality analysis of donald trump or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Trump’s personality traits. Lastly, the paper will briefly mention the limitations of the three theories in representing the characteristics of Mr. Trump. Firstly, an exploration of Trump’s life experiences, and the relationship he had with his father will highlight experiences that contributed to his personality complexion. Trump was born in 1946, the fourth child of five children of Frederick and Mary Trump. Throughout the course of his childhood, Trump displayed a high aptitude for leadership, and demonstrated this in his relationships with family, friends, and peers. He also displayed very assertive and aggressive tendencies during elementary school, which resulted in his parents sending him to military school at the age of thirteen (Trump, 1987). It was here that Trump learned the art of ‘playing people’ and this would be an important contributor to his charismatic skills that are displayed in his later career. Trump idolized his father as a child, and he developed and matured under the strong influence of his father’s ideals (Trump, 1987). His father, being a successful real estate developer, played a prominent role in the development of Trump’s legacy. Trump worked for his father early on and joined the family business upon graduating from college. Trump spent much of his time in college reading the listings of Federal Housing Administration foreclosures, and this is how he came to obtain his first big project with his father (Trump, 1987). He came to learn that he could get the best deals purchasing foreclosed buildings through a government agency because they just wanted to get rid of the building as fast as possible. After working a few projects with his father, Trump decided he would expand his fortune by moving to Manhattan and develop real estate in a more opulent part of New York. Trump was very successful in his undertakings and made very important partnerships with Manhattan’s elite, and his empire grew at an exponential rate. While Trump enjoyed his intense, and luxurious success, it abruptly changed during the recession in the early 1990’s when Trump found himself billions of dollars in debt. Trump reports this to be the lowest moment he had ever encountered in his life (Trump, 2008). This may have been the bottommost of his career but he was resilient during the darkness of the recession, and did not stop his fight to gain back his empire. Secondly, an exploration of personality theories such as Adler’s superiority complex, Bandura’s social learning theory, and the Machiavellianism perspective of interpersonal theorists will be documented to bring forth connections in Trump’s psychological facades that are overtly displayed throughout his interactions with others. Mentioned earlier was Trump’s idolization of his father and his ambition to follow in his father’s footsteps and in order to gain his father’s approval, Trump had to succeed in his father’s business. In accordance with Alder’s theory of the superiority complex, Trump’s feelings of being inferior to his father are overcompensated for by a superiority complex. This meant Trump needed to overachieve, and go beyond the expectations his father had set forth in his company in order to mask his inferior feelings. Trump does not deny his tendency to overachieve and aim big with his projects. In fact, Trump states in his autobiography, The Art of the Deal, that he wanted to accomplish something â€Å"grander, more glamorous, and more exciting† than his father had achieved (Trump, 1987). Many of Trumps Manhattan developments reflect his grandiose ambitions, for example (find information about his first building). Another dimension of the superiority complex is a tendency to fawn on prominent people (Flett, 2007). When Trump first moved to Manhattan he was not known nor respected among the top business gurus in the real estate business. In order to advance himself socially and professionally, Trump had to surround himself in the inner circles of the Manhattan elite. He accomplished this by joining, Le Club, one of the â€Å"hottest and exclusive clubs† in the city (Trump, 1987). By surrounding himself with the wealthiest people in the city of Manhattan, Trump was able to establish himself socially and professionally, which led to many of the Manhattan elite purchasing the most expensive apartments in the Trump buildings (Trump, 1987). Trump has reported that he followed in his father’s footsteps, and expanded his empire off of the basic foundation that his father originally created. According to the social learning theory developed by Albert Bandura, behaviours that make up our personality are obtained through observational learning (Flett, 2007). Individuals learn and are shaped by the actions of the primary people in their environment and thus, are unconsciously molded to portray the behavioural characteristics of these primary figures. Trump idolized his father as a child, and he developed and matured under the strong influence of his father’s ideals (Trump, 1987). Many of Trump’s profound succeeding characteristics such as ambition, dedication, and aggression can also be viewed in his father. For this paper, the focus will be on one of Trumps dominant traits, aggression, and how his father fashioned this trait into him. A classic study was conducted by Bandura to demonstrate the effects of social learning on children. This study demonstrated that when children witnessed the aggressive behaviour of an adult on a doll they were subsequently much more aggressive (Flett, 2007). Trump has quoted his father as being a very resilient man as â€Å"tough as hell† (Trump, 1987). Trump was socialized in a home environment that promoted a hard-hitting attitude because it was the only way to succeed in a ‘dog eat dog world’. The final theory to be used in the analysis of Trumps personality and behavioural characteristics will be the Machiavellian personality style of the interpersonal theorists. According to the text, it is suggested that Machiavellian men will influence others through aggressive tactics as well as ingratiation for personal gain (Flett, 2007). Mr. Trump has demonstrated a tough-minded strategy throughout many of his projects, leading to his successful advances in the real estate business. First off, many of his projects began as a result of him seizing property from floundering proprietors, which can be viewed as rather domineering because he is advancing at a time when these landowners have very limited options. For example, Trump was able to purchase what is now one of the most successful hotel casinos in the world by patiently awaiting the downfall, and inability for a fellow real estate developer, Barron Hilton to complete his project (Trump, 1987). Hilton began the construction of his casino only to find his plans to be short lived due to difficulty obtaining a gambling license for his building. Trump targets the weaknesses and failures of others in order to advance his successes. His ruthless technique is practical in the sense that he gets the best deal by swooping in at just the right time to make a big purchase. Trump’s Machiavelli nature is also exposed in the influential documentary about his recent development of the golf course in Scotland. Trump purchased land in Scotland, which was associated with some of the lowest unemployment rates in Europe, and promised that with the development of his golf course he would bring over six thousand jobs to the local community (Takeaway, 2013). His promise to bring economic prosperity to the community reflects the ingratiation that is common amongst Machiavellians. The assurance to ease the strife of unemployment is a tactic Trump used because he gathered local support in order to succeed in the development of his project. Thirdly, this paper will highlight the contributions of Adler’s theory of the superiority complex, the Machiavellian theory of interpersonal theorists, and Bandura’s social learning theory. Each of the three theories highlights the important personality characteristic of Donald Trump and all are helpful in explaining his behaviours. Lastly, the limitations of using the three above-mentioned theories must be noted to prevent the establishment of immature conclusions on Trumps personality characteristics.